The climate, like most of the districts of the Punjab, can be generalized as hot and dry though during most part of the year it is subjected to many vicissitudes. Before the advent of colonization this area was characterized by scarcity of rainfall, brackish water, and little cultivation and poor growth. The district can geographically be classified as a part of arid zone or a desert with hot wind blowing in summer and dust storms in almost all seasons.
The climate of the area is arid to semiarid subtropical continental with large seasonal fluctuation in both temperatures and rain fall. Summers are usually very hot and long and the winters are mild. The means annual rainfall varies from 15-30 cm. More than half of the rain is received during the moon soon (July, August) at high intensity. The hottest months are May and June with mean/maximum temperature may be 118oF. The winters are generally frost free but frost may occasionally occur for short spells of 15-20 days in December and January.
Geology and Land Form
Soil of Toba Tek Singh is a part of the Indus plains a vast stretch of alluvial deposits. The age of deposits ranges from recent to sub-recent with few small inclusions of pleistocene material and small amount of precambrian rocks.